Which of the following CSIRT services include alerts and warnings, incident handling, vulnerability handling, and artifact handling activities?

The correct answer is that Reactive Services encompass alerts and warnings, incident handling, vulnerability handling, and artifact handling activities. Reactive Services are designed to respond to incidents as they occur. These services focus on identifying, managing, and mitigating incidents that have already transpired or are actively happening.

Alerts and warnings are part of these services because they inform relevant stakeholders of potential threats or ongoing incidents. Incident handling, a core function, involves the systematic approach to managing and addressing security incidents, ensuring that they are contained and resolved efficiently. Vulnerability handling is another essential component, where the team addresses vulnerabilities that have been exploited during an incident. Finally, artifact handling relates to the management and analysis of physical or digital evidence collected during an incident.

The other service categories, while important in the overall framework of incident response, do not typically encompass all these elements in the same reactive manner. Proactive Services, for example, focus on preventive measures and enhancing security postures before incidents occur, rather than directly responding to incidents as they happen.